Connection between drug trafficking and terrorism - 1375 Words

Connection between drug trafficking and terrorism (Research Paper Sample) Content: Connection between drug trafficking and terrorismNameInstructorDateOrganized crime around the world is fast emerging as a major issue as far as security and development aspects are concerned. The illegal business of drug trafficking has taken centre-stage as a problem to most nations. In fact, it has reached such heights that it is capable of influencing financial flows globally, affect domestic economies as well as contribute to political volatility. In addition, traffic in drugs has emerged a significant source of friction between what are referred to as consumer and producer countries. It has effects for national security plus international harmony. Nevertheless, for many, a growth which has contributed immensely to drug trafficking concerns is the emerging links between drug traffickers and different sorts of insurgent organizations. On its part, terrorism can be seen as the definitive form of organized crime. Indeed, it incorporates virtually all sorts of crimina lity. Worryingly, terrorism tends to have political implications. A major telling difference between ordinary and organized crime is that the latter seeks bring about ideological or political changes though use of violent means. This means that they are often operated like an army and insurgent organizations need what can be referred to as three Ms (munitions, men and money). On the whole, traffic of drugs plus terrorism represent a world on itself. On the face of it, the two (terrorism and drug trafficking) are totally different forms of organized crime. However, a closer look would reveal a symbiotic association and the two over and over again exist in combination. It is this conjunction which has been viewed as more frightening leading to emergence of a catchphrase narcoterrorism. In the beginning, the guerillas and the terrorists may have been mortal foes of drug traders and producers. Indeed, on an ideological stage, the revolutionaries not only opposed any kind or association with drugs but also punished those who violated the rule. Over time, however, the production plus smuggling of drugs was practiced by both groups including national-separatist. As mentioned earlier, operation of terrorist groups requires munitions, men plus money. The need for both munitions and men is evident. Money, nonetheless, has various uses apart from providing for the remaining two elements. A strong link between drug trafficking and terrorism emerges, and depending on the form of a terrorist organization money may provide for an entire infrastructure of support including the so-called humanitarian relief such as assisting the relatives of suicide bombers. Worth noting is that terrorists unrelenting need for large money amounts is met in part through fundraising using legal and illegal means. Insurgent organizations are known to welcome voluntary donations from sympathizers including state sponsorship. Worth noting is that some of these voluntary donations are directly rel ated to drug trafficking activities. In essence, state and individual sponsors engage in trafficking of drugs and hide their dirty in terrorism for benefits such as protection. Insurgent groups have been known to liaise with drug traffickers for mutual benefits including protection.Nevertheless, most money meant for insurgency is accumulated via illegal means including drug trafficking and other serious crimes. Some terrorist organizations have been found to carry out fundraising campaigns in which they embark on illegal forms of extortion. Some of such activities include the prevalent extortion of money from community members and others. However, insurgents are also known for their leniency in extorting funds from drug traffickers. In essence, they allow traffickers of drugs to operate their illegal business given that they share a considerable amount of their profit. Worth noting is that at present, the illegal drugs trade remains one of the worlds profitable forms of organized c rime. In fact, it is quite profitable that even insurgent groups find it difficult to ignore. Terrorist organizations and drug trafficking cartels are groups which are well organized and have the required manpower, influence as well as means to undertake their rogue activities as well as pay criminals to act on their part. All in all, the two are quite linked to one another and their success is to some part dependent on each other. A closer look at some of the well-known features of most insurgent organizations reveals why they are well-placed to take advantage of drug trafficking as a source of income. In general, a bonus for criminals is that terrorist organizations are not a direct participant on the drug trafficking market. An addition bonus for them is that insurgents are quite security conscious, and therefore leaving little or no room for potential police action in recruiting informants. One can conclude that for drug traffickers, insurgent groups represent trustful associat es to deal with. In fact, insurgents offer drug traffickers a trafficking network provided that they give them funds. As an example, the ultimate link between insurgency and drug trafficking may be found in South America. A terrorist referred to as FARC is virtually dependent on funds accumulated from the export and or production of cocaine. Some studies have pointed out that various insurgent organizations deliver illegal drugs in exchange for munitions. Often, terrorist organizations find it difficult to acquire weapons and know that using drug trafficking networks they can manage to cheat their way. Nevertheless, terrorist activities of this group are approximated to extend virtually the entire of Colombia. In this regard, other regions around the world have also emerged as areas of concern including Central Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Interestingly, most of insurgent groups (such as Afghanistans Sunni Taliban and Lebanons extreme Shiite organizations) from these regions te nd to maintain that consumption of drugs is illegal, but fail to forbid the production plus trade of drugs. This offers a leeway for persons engaging in drug trafficking. Indeed, the users of drugs are often severely punished but producers or sellers are hailed. Altogether, terrorist organizations do not denounce trafficking of drugs and at time seem to encourage the practice through offering a proper ground for such activities to be carried out. In history, Afghanistan has been cited as a major supply of heroin all over the globe. This can illustrate a clear relationship between insurgency (rampant in the country) and drug trafficking. In recent times, Sunni extremists and Al-Qaida insurgents have been linked to drug trafficking in a number of investigations. The FBI (Federal Board of Investigators) has observed characteristics of the Taliban trading illegal drugs into America and other parts of the world. indeed, joint efforts from FBI and other stakeholders has contributed to the arrests of several Pakistani and Afghan subjects over involvement in drug ring which is possibly linked to insurgent groups. Studies have determined that heroin (and other types of drugs) grown and processed in Pakistan and Afghanistan has been shipped to America, and profits laundered via Pakistani and Afghan owned businesses. In turn, the funds have been sent back to strengthen terrorist groups. On the whole, various insurgent groups across the world have been identified to...

Egyptian Inventions Ancient Egypt - 1151 Words

Egyptian Inventions Many distinguished inventions originated from ancient Egypt. Remarkable contraptions and devices have shaped the Earth and they all have a history. The past builds on to the future and the outcome is not predictable. In ancient Egypt, life was very complex and there were difficult problems that they needed to solve. Therefore, a countless number of inventions were projected. Some successful ones commenced from ancient civilizations in Africa. The Egyptians had many important inventions pertaining to paper and writing, time telling, and agriculture. Today, there are many forms of writing along with different languages. The idea of writing came about when spoken language was not enough to answer every question or settle every conflict. The Egyptians started with hieroglyphs at around 3300 to 3200 BC. According to â€Å"history-world.org†, â€Å"Archealogical discoveries suggest that Egyptian hieroglyphs may be the oldest form of writing.† The hieroglyphic system had about 700 basic symbols, or glyphs. They did not use punctuation or spaces and they wrote in long lines left to right, up to down. The glyphs were divided into two groups; phonograms and ideograms. Phonograms represented single or multiple consonants. Ideograms, however, stood for ideas or objects. The construction or phrasing was usually a phonogram followed by an ideogram. The Sumerians used clay tablets to write their pictograms and cuneiform on, but the Egyptians used a differentShow MoreRelatedAncient Egypt and Mondern Society981 Words   |  4 Pageslives was that of Ancient Egypt. Their systems of religion and technological innovation helped not only to leave a permanent impression on the world, but also served to mold both the civilizations that directly followed it as well as society today. The Ancient Egyptian civilization spanned several thousand years and is one of the few societies of the time that came into being independently. â€Å"Egyptian civilization coalesced around 3150 B.C. with the unification of upper and lower Egypt under the firstRead MoreHow Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society Essay854 Words   |  4 Pages2017 How Does Ancient Egyptian Culture Affect Modern Day Society’s? Ancient Egypt was the first civilization to make use of the sciences, including math and medical uses. Clocks, sports, a twelve month calendar, farming, building are also believed to originate in Ancient Egypt. All of these influences our everyday lives. The Egyptians created a decimal system that used seven different symbols. Mathematical text can be traced back to around 2000 – 1800 BC. By then the Egyptians had a grasp ofRead MoreUsing A Tool Of Stem Innovation1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthe period BC in Ancient Egypt. If it made our life easier with constructing a tuff shed, imagine building the giant pyramids and other great monuments using the lever and ramp. The story that we will embark on is a unique journey in the setting of Northern Africa around ancient BCE-0. Specifically, focusing on Ancient Egypt region which is to be considered by many historians as forefronts of what has led to modern innovations and civilizations. It was during the eras of the Egyptian pyramids thatRead MoreAncient Egypt Civilization : Ancient And Modern Egypt968 Words   |  4 Pages Ancient and Modern Egypt There are some countries that have a large civilization, but how many countries have had a successful civilization throughout its existence? What if there is a country that has a civilization from 7000 years ago that has a rich history, various progresses, cultures, governments, customs, and habits? A lot of its heritage still exists until now, Egypt was one of the most wonderful civilizations in human history. 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The invention of the internet has brought some negative consequences as well, such as the selling and distribution of illegal ancient artifacts across the world. This distribution is not alway s a bad thing but the sale of fake and looted artifacts canRead MoreHistory And Evolution Of The Modern World922 Words   |  4 Pagesgiven the ability to sustain and eventually assemble what they consider to be modern life. In ancient culture, prehistoric Mesopotamian and Egyptian cultures created what they believed to be a civilization. Through extensive use of resource and desire to evolve in humanity, both civilizations succeeded in leaving impact. However, Within Mesopotamian society, the long lasting impact of their inventions continues to provide a benefit to western civilization. Considering their advanced writing systemRead MoreAncient Egypt : The World Civilizations Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Shows 7 November 2016 Ancient Egypt Multiple factors go into account when considering that Ancient Egypt is one of the best civilizations of all time. First, the location of Egypt allowed it to prosper; second, the culture was one that the world hadn’t seen until then; third, the architecture that took place baffles scientists to this day; and lastly the impact it had on modern culture. Egypt is located in a prime location for civilization to spring up. Egypt possessed many natural protectiveRead MoreComparing The River Valley Civilizations1509 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowing treatise, the research that will be presented will provide criteria involving similarities and differences in three attributes of life in the four primary river valley civilizations. The river valley civilizations are composed of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and China. While each of these civilizations is unique in their habits and traditions, they share many similar qualities. For this work to be as comprehensive as possible, the primary focus will be on comparing and analyzing theRead MoreSimilarities Between Mesopotamia And Egypt1199 Words   |  5 PagesThe geographical location was an important factor in many of the ancient civilizations. Where the people settled determined whether they would have success at surviving. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were ancient civilizations f ounded in roughly the same longitude and latitude area of the world. Hot dry areas full of dessert. What drew early civilizations to settle on these locations was the same for both places, land near water that was good for planting. What is different about each location is

How Marriage And Family Concepts Relationship Between...

I am going to talk about how marriage and family concepts or relationship in Hinduism and Christianity are influenced by Laws of Manu and Writings of Martin Luther. Martin Luther, a German monk, priest and theologian, is a great reformer in western church history. He focused his study on the necessity for salvation and stated that the rightness of God is the strong faith believers have. His writings hold against the corruption of Catholicism and at the meantime, describe his perspective in the Radical Reformation. The masterpiece called the church to concentrate on the teachings of Bible itself. Law of Manu, complied between 200-400C.E., gives particular descriptions and prescriptions of dharma. It includes the caste system in Hinduism, the four stages of life, the status of women in the society and so on. Because Law of Manu is one of the most important texts of all legal codes in Hinduism, every Brahman has the obligation to read it at least once in his or her lifetime. Instead of ordering readers to do things, Law of Manu serves as a simple instruction by offering possible actions to certain problems and their consequences. Speaking of family and marriage, Law of Manu addresses the duties of husband and wife, the details of a marriage ceremony and the benefits when a proper marriage is conducted. As in Writings of Martin Luther, Luther stresses that marriage and family should be treated with respect and honor in the church and society which was against the common view

Corporate Governance & Gender Equality-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Corporate Governance and Gender Equality. Answer: Introduction This report seeks to discuss about the gender diversity and the importance of female representation in an organisation. The chosen case study company is BHP Billiton of Australia. BHP Billiton is the multinational company headquartered in Australia. This resource company has operation in metals and mining. Corporate governance is an important aspect of the business of this company. The objective of the company is to develop a harmonious workplace in BHP Billiton. The progress and diversity policy of the company emphasises the increasing number of female representation over the years both in the general level and in the leadership level. Identification of female candidates in the talent panel is the current policy of this company to increase female representation in the entry level. As stated by Sharp et al. (2012), gender equality is achieved, when people get access of equal facilities in a society or workplace irrespective of the gender. Gender gap prevails in the Australian economy. Female workers in Australia earn less compared to men in terms of salary, other benefits such as career growth opportunity, less accumulation in retirement or superannuation savings. However, it can also be seen that men have less access in family friendly policy or parental leave and flexible work arrangement in comparison to the female counterpart (wgea.gov.au 2017). As per the annual report 2016 of BHP Billiton, female representation has increased in this company by 1% in the managerial role and 22% in the senior leadership role from 2015 to 2016 (bhpbilliton.com 2016). In Australia, female representation in the resource industry is less compared to other sectors. Female worker in resource sector is only 13% of total employment, 71% in education sector and 55% in the financial sector. This paper discusses the issues faced by BHP Billiton regarding gender issues in the business and the importance of female representation in this organi sation. Corporate Governance and female representation in BHP Billiton Inclusion and gender diversity in the workplace is the important part of the corporate governance of BHP Billiton. They believe in employee engagement, workplace safety for better productivity. The culture of increasing number of female employment and recognition is the employee diversity policy of the company. BHP Billiton has CEO led inclusion and diversity committee to provide recommendation on developing culturally diversified and efficient employment. Female employee development, enhancing capability of the female employees are vision of the company (bhpbilliton.com 2016). Female employees have flexible work option, positive parental leave provision and securing safety policies in the workplace. During 2016, female representation in the BHP Billiton has increased from 7% in 2015 to 49% in 2016 at the global level and 52% in Australia. Fitzgerald (2016) mentioned that present female workforce in BHP Billiton accounts for only 17.5% of total 28000 work force of this company. At the industry level, this ration is higher compared to other resource company in Australia. Although position of female employees is better compared to industry average, gender gap still prevails in the company. Number of female employees in this company is 4708 in 2016 as compared to 22119 numbers of male during 2016. Female employees in the senior leadership position are 65 during 2015 as compared to 251 male employees in the same year. The ration of number of female employee and male employee among the board members is significantly high that is 3: 7 in 2016. The figure is important as the number of female board members has increased from 2 in 2015 to 3 in 2016, whereas, male members have decreased to 7 in 2016 from 10 in 2015 (bhpbilliton.com 2016). Overall gender gap in the company has decreased from 2015 to 2016, which is positive indica tion towards gender diversity and equality. Importance of female representation in an organisation and required guidelines As stated by Broomhill and Sharp (2012), gender equality and diversity can be achieved in an organisation through equal pay and comparable value, removal of restriction on equal participation of female and male workers in the workplace. Gender equality provides equal occupation and growth opportunity in the company without any discrimination or gender bias. If an organisation achieves gender equality, it can improve productivity of the organisation as well as nation. Female employees can contribute significantly in the organisational growth through their skill and intelligence. Moreover, success of the female employees enhances reputation of the organisation both at national and international level. The analysis is based on the guidelines of Australian government regarding gender discrimination in workplace. Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) of Australian Government protects female workers from unlawful activities and gender discrimination in workplace (ag.gov.au 2017). Aspects of gender equality in BHP Billiton Being one of the leading names in the mining industry of entire world, BHP Billiton has brought revolutionary changes by adopting gender equality policy. The organization is known for providing equal opportunity to the female and male employees. The organizational management always appreciate and encourage the contribution of their female employees in the organizational function (Avanzi et al. 2017). The authority of BHP Billiton always provides a healthy and peaceful working environment to its female employee. At the same time they have strengthen their organizational rules and regulations to maintain workplace safety for their female employees. They encourage their female representatives to give their best performance to achieve the organizational goal. In this modern era, where the entire world is raising their voice for the gender equality, the organizational leaders of BHP Billiton have tried to implement gender equality in their organization (McPhail and Adams 2016). Although, there are some loopholes in the organizational structure, the organizational management is adopting various innovative strategies to ensure gender equality. It is often evident that female workers face various challenges in the workplace due to gender discrimination. As per the annual report of BHP Billiton, the organizational leaders of BHP Billiton are highly overwhelmed by the participation of the female workers in the organizational activity. As per the report, the organization is incorporating various strategies to stimulate the development of their female workers (de Villiers, Low and Samkin 2014). The organizational management provides various training sessions to their female staff members to enhance their skills and capacity which has stimulated the growth of their performance. The organization is appointing more and more female employees to support the women empowerment. They often provide various counselling sessions to their female employees to motivate them to enhance t heir inner qualities so they can equally contribute for the betterment of the organization. According to reports, woman participation in the organizational function has increased in past few years in significant manner. The organization operates in other countries of the world as well. The contribution of the woman workers in other parts of the world has increased in notable manner. The organization has appreciated the women participation in the leadership level as well. There are many experienced and skilled leaders in BHP Billiton who are equally efficient and contributing to establish a better future for the organization. They have left no stone unturned to achieve the desired goal for the organization. According to the chairman of BHP Billiton the participation of female staffs in the organizational function has enhances the profit margin of the organization and stimulate the talent pool of the organization. However, the organizational management of BHP Billiton must consider so me important factors to maintain gender equality within the organization that has been discussed later. Otherwise, the organizational leaders have made good effort to provide friendly and enthusiastic environment to their female staff members (Garcia et al 2016). Review of the Issues Although, the organizational leaders of BHP Billiton has left no stone unturned to provide a safe and peaceful environment to the female employees of the organization, there are some issues that are being faced by the female employees of BHP Billiton. There are some loopholes in the organizational policy and organizational structure. Gender equality is not properly maintained within the organization. The female workers of the organization are experiencing gender discrimination while working in the organization. Male workers of the organization are availing additional facilities which are unavailable for the female employees, such as- shift timing for work, the wages and so on. It is often evident that the female workers are forced to do overtime after their shift which may causes safety issue for them. It can put negative impact on the organizational development and the performance of the employees (Hope 2015). At the same time, female employees often get low wages than male workers which spread gender discrimination in the organization. The organizational management must consider the fact while designing their organizational structure. According to many reports, Australia is one of the leading names in gender discrimination (Klettner 2016). There are large numbers of woman who are experiencing workplace violence every now and then. Moreover, as per the report they are receiving facilities like their other fellow male workers which has led the country in the leading position for gender discrimination. It has reflected in the organizational structure of BHP Billiton. They have also followed the path of country to some extend and unwilling to understand the real problems that has been faced by the female workers every now and then. The organizational management has ignored various serious issues of female workers without which it is impossible for the organizational management to maintain gender equality in the organization. There are some safety issues for the female workers of the organization. The organizational management has not provided sufficient safety to their female workers (Sealy et al. 2015). They often fa ce various safety and security issues in the organization, such as- physical violence, threat, abuse, molestation. They are often targeted by their fellow workers and local goons and pressure groups. It is the responsibility of BHP Billiton to ensure workplace safety for each of their employees. Otherwise, it is impossible for the organizational management to maintain gender equality in the organization. Moreover, it may put negative impact on the organizational development as female workers are equally contributing for the betterment of the organization and they are considered as equally capable of stimulate the growth of the organization (Mikalsen 2014). Reasons of this issue There are some significant issues that are responsible for the issue of gender inequality in the organization, such as: Lack of effective organizational policy is one of the major reason for which female workers are suffering from workplace violence and other issues within the organization. In order to establish a safe and gender discrimination free workplace, the organizational management needs to strengthen their policy and organizational structure. The organizational management has not made their organizational policy in an efficient manner to ensure workplace safety for the employees (Cane 2014). Lack of social awareness among the organizational leaders and other employees is another major reason for which the female workers of the organization face various difficulties in the workplace. People are not aware of the fact such as gender equality, women empowerment. Due to this they are not willing to provide equal opportunities to the female workers like male staff members. It is the responsibility of the organizational management to make their male workers aware of such factors to maintain gender equality in the organization. Due to lack of workplace violence policy the organizational management is unable to maintain gender discrimination free workplace for their female employees. The workplace violence policy of BHP Billiton is highly weak and the organization does not pay much attention to implement this strategy within the organization which has led the employees to face workplace violence frequently. The organizational management does not punish the accused people who treat their fellow workers badly. It has encouraged such negative practices within the organization (Ross 2016). The organizational management has avoided the safety issue of their women employees. It is one of the major reason for which the female workers of BHP Billiton are facing safety issues in the organization. The organizational management must appoint some security people who can protect their female employees during an awful occurrence. Otherwise, it may spoil the reputation of the organization (Salinas 2013). Recommendations for sustainability The organizational management of BHP Billiton must strengthen their policies and include zero tolerance policy and workplace violence rule in their rule book. They must implement zero tolerance policy in the organization to ensure workplace safety for their employees. They must make sure that all of their employees are aware of these policies and they are avoiding all such practices that can spoil the harmony of the organization. The organizational management must provide training and development programme to their employees to provide them lesson about gender equality, workplace violence and so on. It will be beneficial for the organization to avoid awful occurrences in the organization, as it is important for the male employees to understand the female workers are their fellow workers and they must pay respect to them. The organizational management of BHP Billiton must provide equal facilities to their male and female employees. They must realize that both of their employees are equally efficient and equally important to achieve the organizational goal. The organizational management must provide all the facilities to their female employees like male workers, such as- leaves, friendly shift timing. The organizational leaders must redesign their organizational structure and pay equal wages to their female employees. They must understand that female employees are equally contributing to achieve the organizational goal. The organizational management must make sure that all the employees are obeying workplace violence rule in the organization and avoiding any negative practices. Otherwise they must be punished for their activity. It will be beneficial for the organizational leaders of BHP Billiton to implement their policies accurately. They can smoothly maintain gender equality in their organization by such practices. The organizational management must encourage their female employees to provide efficient service to the organization by appreciating them. The organization must encourage their female employees like male employees. It will beneficial for the organization to maintain gender equality in the organization. The organizational management of BHP Billiton must appoint some responsible security person in the organization who can protect their employees from any awful consequence. It will be helpful for their female employees to work in the organization and to maintain healthy workplace environment Conclusion As per the previous discussion, it can be stated that the organizational management of BHP Billiton is trying to maintain gender equality in their organization. They have encouraged their female employees to enhance their skills and always appreciate their employees for their contribution. However, there are some loopholes in the organizational structure of the organization. The organizational leaders must consider some factors while designing their organizational structure. They must implement some efficient policies to ensure workplace safety for their female employees, such as- zero tolerance policy, workplace violence policy. They must appoint skilled security person to maintain safety and privacy of the organization. It is often evident that organizational management does not provide equal facilities to their female employees. In order to maintain gender equality in the organization, the organizational management must make sure that all the employees are availing equal facilitie s and there is no discrimination in terms of leaves, wages, workload and so on. Reference: ag.gov.au 2017. Australian Government Guidelines on the Recognition of Sex and Gender. Available at: https://www.ag.gov.au/Publications/Documents/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender/AustralianGovernmentGuidelinesontheRecognitionofSexandGender.pdf [accessed on 06.13.2017] Avanzi, B., Prez, J.L., Wong, B. and Yamazaki, K., 2017. On optimal joint reflective and refractive dividend strategies in spectrally positive Lvy models.Insurance: Mathematics and Economics,72, pp.148-162. bhpbilliton.com 2016. Corporate Governance 2016. Available at: https://www.bhpbilliton.com/-/media/bhp/documents/investors/annual reports/2016/bhpbillitonannualreport2016_interactive.pdf?la=en [accessed on 06.13.2017] Broomhill, R. and Sharp, R., 2012.Australia's Parental Leave policy and gender equality: An international comparison. Australian Workplace Innovation and Social Research Centre. Cane, I., 2014. Community and company development discourses in mining: the case of gender in Mongolia.Doctorate of Philosophy), University of Queensland, Brisbane. de Villiers, C., Low, M. and Samkin, G., 2014. The institutionalisation of mining company sustainability disclosures.Journal of Cleaner Production,84, pp.51-58. Fitzgerald, B., 2016. BHP chief Andrew Mackenzie wants 50:50 gender split by 2025 Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/mining-energy/bhp-chief-andrew-mackenzie--wants-5050-gender-split-by-2025/news-story/e21f0835a39872789019f5d2b7a0aade [accessed on 06.13.2017] Garcia, L.C., Ribeiro, D.B., Oliveira Roque, F., Ochoa?Quintero, J.M. and Laurance, W.F., 2016. Brazil's worst mining disaster: corporations must be compelled to pay the actual environmental costs.Ecological applications. Hope, D., 2015. Partial relinquishment report 2015 EL 24524 20 April 2009 to 19 April 2015. Klettner, A., 2016. Corporate Governance Codes and Gender Diversity: Management-Based Regulation in Action.UNSWLJ,39, p.715. McPhail, K. and Adams, C.A., 2016. Corporate respect for human rights: meaning, scope, and the shifting order of discourse.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,29(4), pp.650-678. Mikalsen, M.F., 2014.Corporate Social Responsibility: A Global Comparative Analysis(Master's thesis, UiT Norges arktiske universitet). Ross, D., 2016. Corporate social responsibility initiatives in Australias mining industry: An applied stakeholder approach. InKey Initiatives in Corporate Social Responsibility(pp. 261-278). Springer International Publishing. Salinas, P., 2013. Latin America| Discourses as Control Devices in the Mining Culture: Tensions in the Integration of Women in Chilean Mining.International Journal of Communication,7, p.17. Sealy, R., Turner, C., Pryce, P. and Vinnicombe, S., 2015. Women on Boards: Progress following the 2012 Corporate Governance Code. Sharp, R., Franzway, S., Mills, J. and Gill, J., 2012. Flawed policy, failed politics? Challenging the sexual politics of managing diversity in engineering organizations.Gender, Work Organization,19(6), pp.555-572. wgea.gov.au 2017. About workplace gender equality. Available at: https://www.wgea.gov.au/learn/about-workplace-gender-equality [accessed on 06.13.2017]